11.2.4 Splitting a Large File into Pieces

The split program splits large text files into smaller pieces. Usage is as follows:⁷⁴

split [-count] [file] [prefix]

By default, the output files are named xaa, xab, and so on. Each file has 1,000 lines in it, with the likely exception of the last file. To change the number of lines in each file, supply a number on the command line preceded with a minus sign (e.g., ‘-500’ for files with 500 lines in them instead of 1,000). To change the names of the output files to something like myfileaa, myfileab, and so on, supply an additional argument that specifies the file name prefix.

Here is a version of split in awk. It uses the ord() and chr() functions presented in Ordinal Functions.

The program first sets its defaults, and then tests to make sure there are not too many arguments. It then looks at each argument in turn. The first argument could be a minus sign followed by a number. If it is, this happens to look like a negative number, so it is made positive, and that is the count of lines. The data file name is skipped over and the final argument is used as the prefix for the output file names:

# split.awk --- do split in awk
#
# Requires ord() and chr() library functions
# usage: split [-count] [file] [outname]

BEGIN {
    outfile = "x"    # default
    count = 1000
    if (ARGC > 4)
        usage()

    i = 1
    if (i in ARGV && ARGV[i] ~ /^-[[:digit:]]+$/) {
        count = -ARGV[i]
        ARGV[i] = ""
        i++
    }
    # test argv in case reading from stdin instead of file
    if (i in ARGV)
        i++    # skip datafile name
    if (i in ARGV) {
        outfile = ARGV[i]
        ARGV[i] = ""
    }

    s1 = s2 = "a"
    out = (outfile s1 s2)
}

The next rule does most of the work. tcount (temporary count) tracks how many lines have been printed to the output file so far. If it is greater than count, it is time to close the current file and start a new one. s1 and s2 track the current suffixes for the file name. If they are both ‘z’, the file is just too big. Otherwise, s1 moves to the next letter in the alphabet and s2 starts over again at ‘a’:

{
    if (++tcount > count) {
        close(out)
        if (s2 == "z") {
            if (s1 == "z") {
                printf("split: %s is too large to split\n",
                       FILENAME) > "/dev/stderr"
                exit 1
            }
            s1 = chr(ord(s1) + 1)
            s2 = "a"
        }

        else
            s2 = chr(ord(s2) + 1)

        out = (outfile s1 s2)
        tcount = 1
    }
    print > out
}

The usage() function simply prints an error message and exits:

function usage()
{
    print("usage: split [-num] [file] [outname]") > "/dev/stderr"
    exit 1
}

This program is a bit sloppy; it relies on awk to automatically close the last file instead of doing it in an END rule. It also assumes that letters are contiguous in the character set, which isn’t true for EBCDIC systems.